{"id":4772,"date":"2024-10-28T12:12:32","date_gmt":"2024-10-28T05:12:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phuongmaigallery.com\/learn-about-art-part-i\/"},"modified":"2025-12-15T19:40:37","modified_gmt":"2025-12-15T12:40:37","slug":"learn-about-art-part-i","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phuongmaigallery.com\/vi\/learn-about-art-part-i\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u2013 Ph\u1ea7n I"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\" Tranh c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1 s\u0129 \u0110\u1eb7ng Can<\/strong> S\u01a1n d\u1ea7u tr\u00ean toan<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u1ed8I H\u1eccA:<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u01a1n d\u1ea7u:<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u01a1n d\u1ea7u l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4 ch\u1eadm, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ed9n b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u v\u1edbi d\u1ea7u, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 d\u1ea7u lanh. S\u01a1n d\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 che ph\u1ee7 cao v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd kh\u00f4 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng c\u1ee9ng. T\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI, s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u tr\u00ean toan \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecda s\u0129 v\u00ec d\u1ec5 thao t\u00e1c v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t linh ho\u1ea1t, cho ph\u00e9p ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c l\u1edbp m\u00e0u ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau ho\u1eb7c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecbn m\u00e0ng, gi\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Tranh c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1 s\u0129 Huy Thanh<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00e0u n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean l\u1ee5a<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00e0u n\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00e0u n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1n g\u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 trong su\u1ed1t. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9 trong su\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee7 m\u00e0u, t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Tranh c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1 s\u0129 L\u00ea Nh\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong>
\nS\u01a1n acrylic tr\u00ean toan<\/strong><\/p>\n

Acrylic:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX. Acrylic l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean polymer m\u00e0u, trong \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n trong nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng acrylic. Ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 pha lo\u00e3ng m\u00e0u v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng khi kh\u00f4, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nh\u1ef1a k\u1ebft d\u00ednh l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng b\u1ec1n, d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc. Lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng v\u00ec kh\u00f4 nhanh, cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecda s\u0129 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1ebd l\u00ean l\u1edbp m\u00e0u tr\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 acrylic kh\u00f4ng linh ho\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u hay m\u00e0u n\u01b0\u1edbc, ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1edd, b\u00e1n m\u1edd ho\u1eb7c b\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch pha tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m gouache nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a<\/strong>
\nho\u1ea1 s\u0129 Th\u1ee5y S\u0129 Paul Berger,<\/strong>
\nPhong c\u1ea3nh m\u00f9a thu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gouache:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gouache l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng m\u00e0u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 che ph\u1ee7 cao, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u00e0u n\u01b0\u1edbc trong su\u1ed1t \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp s\u01a1n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Gouache c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi gam m\u00e0u \u0111\u1eadm ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc<\/strong>
\ng\u1ea1ch c\u1ed5 h\u00ecnh hoa sen<\/strong>
\nt\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110I\u00caU KH\u1eaeC<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh theo h\u01b0\u1edbng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, trong \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0i m\u00f2n m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m. G\u1ed7 r\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo n\u00ean d\u1ec5 ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc, tuy nhi\u00ean l\u1ea1i nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t do \u201cth\u1edf\u201d nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1, v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh n\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c cong v\u00eanh. \u0110\u00e1 c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch, ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, r\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc; \u0111\u00e1 alabaster c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0ng m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ch\u1ea1m h\u01a1n; \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i, \u0111\u00e1 granite v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 sa th\u1ea1ch c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Solon \u2013 Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh (Modeling):<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i ba chi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t ho\u1eb7c s\u00e1p. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung trong l\u00f2, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00fac \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00fac:<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng nh\u01b0 nh\u1ef1a, \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t ho\u1eb7c kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n, khu\u00f4n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t ho\u1eb7c s\u00e1p. \u0110\u1ed3ng (h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfc) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00fac, ngo\u00e0i ra b\u00ea t\u00f4ng v\u00e0 nh\u1ef1a resin c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m assemblage robot<\/strong>
\nc\u1ee7a Brian Marshall<\/strong><\/p>\n

Assemblage:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kim lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau. H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 n\u00e9t trong c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0o qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p, Nga v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

In th\u1ea1ch b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1.<\/strong>
\n\u1ea2nh: Toby Michel<\/strong><\/p>\n

NGH\u1ec6 THU\u1eacT IN<\/strong><\/p>\n

In th\u1ea1ch b\u1ea3n:<\/strong><\/p>\n

In th\u1ea1ch b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ebd ho\u1eb7c t\u00f4 m\u00e0u b\u1eb1ng b\u00fat s\u00e1p v\u00e0 m\u1ef1c d\u1ea7u l\u00ean m\u1ed9t phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0i ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eb5n. Sau nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u1eed l\u00fd, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m \u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5m v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u00e1p, trong khi c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng v\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1p v\u1eabn kh\u00f4 do d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea9y n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1ef1c in g\u1ed1c d\u1ea7u sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u0103n l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u01b0\u1edbt. B\u1ea3n in thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e9p gi\u1ea5y l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 l\u0103n m\u1ef1c, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n sao \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Tranh kh\u1eafc g\u1ed7 nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u201cPfau\u201d<\/strong>
\nmonoprint c\u1ee7a mLee<\/strong><\/p>\n

Monoprint v\u00e0 Monotype:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hai thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng. Monoprint c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u1ec1n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh (nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n kh\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0\u1edbi in), sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m cho tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4 m\u00e0u th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c can thi\u1ec7p b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t monoprint c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Monotype l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khu\u00f4n in l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u1ef1c m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u0103n l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ea3n in, ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 thao t\u00e1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch v\u1ebd ho\u1eb7c lau b\u1edbt m\u1ef1c. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh in \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u201cNghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u thi\u00ean nga\u201d monotype nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n<\/strong>
\nc\u1ee7a deandymentstudios<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\" B\u1ea3n in kh\u1eafc \u201cWhite Poppies\u201d<\/strong> c\u1ee7a Kgcrafts<\/strong><\/p>\n

In n\u1ed5i (Relief Printing):<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt in c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u1ed1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ea7n in n\u1ed5i l\u00ean. Tranh kh\u1eafc g\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t g\u1ed7 c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eb5n b\u1eb1ng dao, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u0169i \u0111\u1ee5c ch\u1eef V v\u00e0 U \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t tinh t\u1ebf. Khi in, nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n b\u1ecb c\u1eaft s\u1ebd gi\u1eef m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed5i s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh. M\u1ed7i m\u00e0u c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n kh\u1eafc ri\u00eang, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 in th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb ba \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n m\u00e0u v\u00ec l\u00fd do th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9. Linocut, m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX c\u1ee7a kh\u1eafc g\u1ed7, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng linoleum thay cho g\u1ed7; tuy d\u1ec5 thao t\u00e1c h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc qu\u00e1 tinh vi.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n in l\u01b0\u1edbi \u201cLongitude 4\u201d<\/strong>
\nc\u1ee7a electrofervor.<\/strong><\/p>\n

In l\u01b0\u1edbi \/ Serigraphy \/ In l\u1ee5a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Serigraphy l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt in nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p stencil s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1ee5a ho\u1eb7c nylon c\u0103ng tr\u00ean khung g\u1ed7 ho\u1eb7c kim lo\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1o m\u00e0ng, phim c\u1eaft tay v\u00e0 nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ea1y s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh. M\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5 l\u00ean khung, sau \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ea1t qua khu\u00f4n b\u1eb1ng thanh g\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0u th\u1ea5m qua c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng l\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb che, in l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

In l\u00f5m (Intaglio):<\/strong><\/p>\n

In l\u00f5m bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111i\u1ec3m chung l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh in n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u1ea7n l\u00f5m. M\u1ef1c in \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e9p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c r\u00e3nh l\u00f5m, sau \u0111\u00f3 lau s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt in l\u00f5m g\u1ed3m: Etching, Drypoint, Aquatint, Mezzotint v\u00e0 Collagraph.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Tranh kh\u1eafc axit \u201cWinter Hydrangea\u201d<\/strong>
\nc\u1ee7a Helen Gotlieb<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kh\u1eafc axit (Etching):<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp s\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng axit, sau \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 v\u1ebd l\u00ean b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n in. B\u1ea3n in \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e2m trong axit \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng l\u1ed9 ra. Sau khi l\u0103n m\u1ef1c v\u00e0 lau s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, m\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c r\u00e3nh kh\u1eafc. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e9p c\u00f9ng gi\u1ea5y \u1ea9m qua m\u00e1y in \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ef1c l\u00ean gi\u1ea5y. Rembrandt van Rijn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Drypoint<\/strong><\/p>\n

Drypoint:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt drypoint, ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 v\u1ebd tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00ean b\u1ea3n kim lo\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng b\u00fat th\u00e9p, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ba via kim lo\u1ea1i gi\u00fap h\u00ecnh in c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c. Do ba via r\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u00e9p b\u1eb9p, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 in \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u01b0\u1edbi 50 b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u201cTethered\u201d aquatint<\/strong>
\nc\u1ee7a chartwellprint<\/strong><\/p>\n

Aquatint:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Aquatint l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u1eafc axit cho ph\u00e9p in c\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u1edd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u1ea1t. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea7n kh\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 b\u1ed9t nh\u1ef1a th\u00f4ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 nung \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed9t ch\u1ea3y b\u00e1m v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n. Khi ng\u00e2m axit, nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n in mezzotint \u201cEclipse\u201d<\/strong>
\nc\u1ee7a Guntars Sietins<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mezzotint:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt in l\u00f5m \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m nh\u00e1m b\u1eb1ng l\u01b0\u1ee1i dao cong c\u00f3 r\u0103ng, t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t in \u0111en ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 trung gian. Mezzotint m\u00e0u c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ri\u00eang cho m\u1ed7i m\u00e0u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n in.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u201cMoons\u201d \u2013 b\u1ea3n in collograph<\/strong>
\nc\u1ee7a Evan Michael<\/strong><\/p>\n

Collagraph:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb t\u1eeb \u201ccollage\u201d, collograph \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eafp gh\u00e9p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (b\u00eca c\u1ee9ng, kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ef1a) b\u1eb1ng keo v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng l\u00f5m gi\u1eef m\u1ef1c in.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Tranh c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1 s\u0129 \u0110\u1eb7ng Can S\u01a1n d\u1ea7u tr\u00ean toan H\u1ed8I H\u1eccA: S\u01a1n d\u1ea7u: S\u01a1n d\u1ea7u l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4 ch\u1eadm, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ed9n b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u v\u1edbi d\u1ea7u, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 d\u1ea7u lanh. S\u01a1n d\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":709,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[275],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4772","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nT\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u2013 Ph\u1ea7n I - Phuong Mai Gallery<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/phuongmaigallery.com\/vi\/learn-about-art-part-i\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u2013 Ph\u1ea7n I - Phuong Mai Gallery\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Tranh c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1 s\u0129 \u0110\u1eb7ng Can S\u01a1n d\u1ea7u tr\u00ean toan H\u1ed8I H\u1eccA: S\u01a1n d\u1ea7u: S\u01a1n d\u1ea7u l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4 ch\u1eadm, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ed9n b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u v\u1edbi d\u1ea7u, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 d\u1ea7u lanh. 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